diff --git a/monitor.py b/monitor.py
index bacd4c4..9ade273 100644
--- a/monitor.py
+++ b/monitor.py
@@ -204,6 +204,33 @@ class MessageMonitor:
             pass
         return None
 
+    def _find_qq_window_fresh(self):
+        """通过类名重新查找 QQ/TIM 窗口，绕过 UIA 缓存（比 ControlFromHandle 更彻底）。"""
+        try:
+            # 先按窗口名称查找
+            for name in ["QQ", "TIM"]:
+                try:
+                    w = auto.WindowControl(Name=name)
+                    if w.Exists(maxSearchSeconds=0.2):
+                        rect = w.BoundingRectangle
+                        if rect.width() > 200 and rect.height() > 100:
+                            return w
+                except Exception:
+                    pass
+            # 按 TXGuiFoundation 类名深度查找
+            root = auto.GetRootControl()
+            for child in root.GetChildren():
+                try:
+                    if child.ClassName == "TXGuiFoundation":
+                        rect = child.BoundingRectangle
+                        if rect.width() > 200 and rect.height() > 100:
+                            return child
+                except Exception:
+                    pass
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+        return None
+
     def _force_uia_refresh(self, platform: str):
         """通过交互强制窗口更新 UIA 控件树。"""
         hwnd = self._cached_hwnd.get(platform)
@@ -401,6 +428,7 @@ class MessageMonitor:
             pass
 
         texts = []
+        raw_lines = []  # 预初始化，防止 content 为空时 UnboundLocalError
         try:
             # 确保窗口在前台（失败则返回空，避免发送到错误窗口）
             # QQ 剪贴板优先路径需要更可靠的前台保证（与发送路径 retries 一致）
@@ -793,47 +821,49 @@ class MessageMonitor:
     def _read_messages(self, window, platform: str = "") -> list:
         """每轮重新定位 ListControl。"""
         if platform == "qq":
-            # QQ NT UIA ListControl 缓存永不更新新消息（返回几天前的旧数据）
-            # 必须剪贴板优先（键盘导航 Enter+Ctrl+End+Ctrl+A/C 读实时消息）
+            # QQ NT: UIA 优先（但重建窗口绕过缓存）+ 剪贴板兜底
+            # 第一步：用新窗口流式重建 UIA 树（不用 ControlFromHandle 缓存）
+            fresh_win = self._find_qq_window_fresh()
+            if fresh_win:
+                texts = self._read_message_list(fresh_win)
+                if texts:
+                    return texts
+                texts = self._read_conversation_list(fresh_win)
+                if texts:
+                    return texts
+                try:
+                    rect = fresh_win.BoundingRectangle
+                    boundary = rect.left + rect.width() * 0.40
+                    for lst in self._list_controls(fresh_win):
+                        try:
+                            cr = lst.BoundingRectangle
+                            if cr.left >= boundary:
+                                texts = self._extract_last_line(lst)
+                                if texts:
+                                    logger.debug(f"[S-C] ListControl(x={cr.left}) → {len(texts)} items")
+                                    return texts
+                        except Exception:
+                            pass
+                except Exception:
+                    pass
+                try:
+                    texts = self._collect_filtered_texts(fresh_win, "qq", max_depth=5)
+                    if texts:
+                        logger.debug(f"[S-D] 全窗文本 → {len(texts)} items")
+                        return texts
+                except Exception:
+                    pass
+
+            # 剪贴板兜底：仅当 UIA 完全没读到内容时启用
             texts = self._read_via_clipboard_once(platform)
-            if texts:
+            # ＜=5 行的剪贴板很可能是输入框内容（非消息列表）→ 丢弃
+            if texts and len(texts) > 5:
                 return texts
             texts = self._read_via_clipboard(platform)
-            if texts:
+            if texts and len(texts) > 5:
                 return texts
-            # UIA 兜底：先强制刷新生效，再读取
-            self._force_uia_refresh(platform)
-            self._force_scroll_bottom(platform)
-            time.sleep(0.5)
-            texts = self._read_message_list(window)
-            if texts:
-                return texts
-            texts = self._read_conversation_list(window)
-            if texts:
-                return texts
-            try:
-                rect = window.BoundingRectangle
-                boundary = rect.left + rect.width() * 0.40
-                for lst in self._list_controls(window):
-                    try:
-                        cr = lst.BoundingRectangle
-                        if cr.left >= boundary:
-                            texts = self._extract_last_line(lst)
-                            if texts:
-                                logger.debug(f"[S-C] ListControl(x={cr.left}) → {len(texts)} items")
-                                return texts
-                    except Exception:
-                        pass
-            except Exception:
-                pass
-            try:
-                texts = self._collect_filtered_texts(window, "qq", max_depth=5)
-                if texts:
-                    logger.debug(f"[S-D] 全窗文本 → {len(texts)} items")
-                    return texts
-            except Exception:
-                pass
-            # 最终兜底：win32 文本
+
+            # 最终兜底
             texts = self._read_win32_texts(platform)
             if texts:
                 return texts